Cause: Virus.
How it is spread: Touching someone who has it.
Symptoms: 1.Mild fever with cold-like symptoms. 2. Rash (red spots), mostly on trunk or covered areas of the body. 3. Fluid-filled blisters (vesicles). 4. Crusts/scabs.
Treatment: Give one or more lukewarm baths daily. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) may be given to relieve itching. This medicine is available without prescription. Keep fingernails short to prevent scratching. You may use acetaminophen (e.g., Tylenol) for fever.
Mortality rate: None.
Prevention: Prevent from spreading.

1. Exclude infected person from school or day care for 5 days after the first vesicles appear.
2. Practice good hand washing: the virus spread by direct contact with the fluid in the blisters, as well as infected secretions from nose and mouth.
3. Cover mouth when coughing and dispose of tissue promptly.
4. Wash bed linens and recently worn clothes in hot, soapy water.
5. Avoid exposing pregnant women, newborns, the elderly, or immunocompromised persons.

Cause: Viruses and Bacteria.
How it is spread: Bacterial/ Intimate or direct exposure includes being touched or kissed, sharing eating utensils, or by droplet contamination from nose, throat, or any secretion or excretions from the body of he infected individual.
Symptoms: Adult: Vomiting, Headache, Drowsiness, Seizures, High temperature, Joint aching joint pain, Stiff neck, Dislike of light.
Treatment: For Viral Meningitis there is none / for Bacterial Meningitis requires treatment with antibiotics.
Mortality rate: May cause death if untreated between 24 to 72 hours.
Prevention: A lifestyle which helps keep the immune system as strong as possible with a balanced diet, adequate rest and sleep, appropriate exercise and the avoidance of excessive stress. Frequent hand washing also helps.

Cause: Tetanus is caused by a type of soil bacteria called Clostridium Tetani
How it is spread: By wounds.
Symptoms: Include muscle spasms in the jaw (also called trismus or "lockjaw"), together with difficulty in swallowing, and stiffness or pain in muscles of the neck, shoulder or back. Spasms soon spread to muscles of the abdomen, upper arms and thighs.
Treatment: Treatments are antibiotics, antitoxin, receive medicines to control muscle spasms, and medicines to stop the abnormal nerve activity.
Mortality rate: 60%
Prevention: In children, tetanus can be prevented through immunization. A tetanus booster is recommended every 10 years.

Cause: Mosquito-borne disease.
How it is spread: A certain type of mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is most often responsible for transmitting the virus.
Symptoms: Initial symptoms may be dengue-like and include fever, headache, vomiting and backache. As the disease progresses, the pulse slows and weakens, and bleeding of the gums and bloody urine occur. Jaundice may also occur.
Treatment: There is no specific treatment for yellow fever. People traveling to areas where yellow fever may exist should be immunized.
Mortality rate: Very low.
Prevention: Be immunized prior to visiting areas where yellow fever exists.

Cause: Bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
How it is spread: TB is spread through the air from one person to another. The bacteria are put into the air when a person with TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs or sneezes.
Symptoms: In TB infection there are no symptoms. TB disease symptoms are coughing blood.
Treatment: Antibiotics.
Mortality rate: Very low in 1990's.
Prevention:

• Avoiding garbage from which "miasmas"(fumes) emanated.
• No spitting, covering mouth when coughing.
• Isolation of diseased.
• Burning possessions of deceased patients.
• Pasteurization of cow's milk.

Cause: Mycobacterium leprae an acid-fast, rod-shaped bacillus.
How it is spread: By touching someone infected.
Symptoms: Disfigurement and physical disabilities.
Treatment: Antibiotics.
Mortality rate: Very low in the 1990's.
Prevention: Burn all infected items.

Cause: Malaria is caused by a parasite that is transmitted from person to person by the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito.
How it is spread: Anopheles mosquito.
Symptoms: Include fever, chills, headache, muscle ache, and malaise.
Treatment: Antimalarial drugs.
Mortality rate: If treated low death rate.
Prevention: By using antimalarial drugs and use of personal protection measures against mosquito bites.

Cause: Can be a variety of microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites.
How it is spread: Illness can spread by coughs and sneezes, by drinking glasses and eating utensils, and in used tissues or handkerchiefs.
Symptoms: Include fever, chills, cough, unusually rapid breathing, breathing that makes a "grunting" or wheezing sound, labored breathing that makes a child's reb muscles retract (muscles between ribs draw inward with each breath), vomiting, chest pain, abdominal pain, decreased activity, l oss of appetite (in older children) or poor feeding (in infants), and bluish or gray color of the lips and fingernails.
Treatment: Antibiotics.
Mortality rate: Low.
Prevention: Be vaccinated.

Cause: Parvovirus B19
How it is spread: The virus spreads by exposure to secretions or droplets from the nose and throat of persons with the disease.
Symptoms: Fifth disease initially starts with a low grade fever and fatigue. A striking red rash which looks much like a slap mark, commonly appears on the cheeks. A fine, lace-like rash may then appear on the body. Sometimes the rash may be itchy. Some children may have mild signs of illness or no symptoms at all.
Treatment: At this time, there is mo specific treatment for fifth disease, except that medications can be prescribed to help relieve symptoms. In rare cases, blood transfusions may be required.
Mortality rate: None.
Prevention: Susceptible women who are pregnant should avoid exposure to persons infected with the disease. Pregnant women with sick children at home should be advised to wash hands frequently and avoid sharing eating utensils. Health care workers should be careful to follow approved infection control measures.